Representation of global and local musculature in the sagittal plane used in the T1–S1 model (IC iliocostalis, IP iliopsoas, LG longissimus, MF multifidus, QL quadratus lumborum, RA rectus abdominis, EO external oblique, IO internal oblique muscles)
A sagittally symmetric muscle architecture with 46 local muscles (attached to the L1–L5 vertebrae) and ten global muscles (attached to the thoracic cage T1–T12) are used (Figs. 2 and 3 ): iliopsoas (IP), iliocostalis (IC), longissimus (LG), multifidus (MF) and quadratus lumborum (QL) as local muscles attaching the pelvis to lumbar vertebrae (except the IP that originates from the proximal femur); and iliocostalis (IC), longissimus (LG), rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique (EO) and internal oblique (IO) as global muscles attaching the pelvis to the thoracic cage.
The architecture (Figs. 2 and 3 ) and physiological cross-sectional areas (Table 1 ) are taken based on published works [ 3 , 11 , 17 , 24 , 25 , 35 , 51 ].
Viewing this image requires a subscription. If you are a subscriber, please log in.
This image is copyrighted by Springer-Verlag.
The image is being made available for non-commercial purposes for subscribers to SpringerImages. For more information on what you are allowed to do with this image, please see our copyright policy.
To request permissions to use any copyrighted material, please visit the source document.
Report a copyright concern regarding this image.
Log in or register to save your favorite images and download them as high-quality PowerPoint or PDF files.
Log in or register to save your search criteria.
Sorry, to access Springer Images your browser must support JavaScript.
